The siege and capture of the Sudanese city of El Fasher by the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces group last October bore “the hallmarks of genocide”, a UN-mandated fact-finding mission has said.
联合国授权的实况调查团表示，去年十月准军事快速支援部队对苏丹城市法希尔的围攻和占领带有“种族灭绝的特征”。
In a report detailing the harrowing 18-month occupation of the capital of North Darfur, investigators concluded that the RSF and allied militias deliberately inflicted conditions calculated to bring about the physical destruction of the Zaghawa and Fur ethnic communities.
在一份详细描述北达尔富尔首府长达 18 个月的痛苦占领的报告中，调查人员得出的结论是，无国界医生组织和盟军民兵故意制造条件，旨在对扎格哈瓦和富尔族社区造成物质破坏。
“The scale, coordination, and public endorsement of the operation by senior RSF leadership demonstrate that the crimes committed in and around El Fasher were not random excesses of war,” said Mohamed Chande Othman, the mission’s chair, who called for a thorough investigation of the perpetrators.
“无国界医生组织高级领导层对此次行动的规模、协调性和公开认可表明，在法希尔及其周边地区犯下的罪行并非随意的过度战争，”该团主席穆罕默德·钱德·奥斯曼表示，他呼吁对肇事者进行彻底调查。
The report was published a day after the UK, Canada and the European Union denounced possible war crimes and crimes against humanity in Sudan during the nearly three-year war.
该报告发布的前一天，英国、加拿大和欧盟谴责苏丹在近三年的战争期间可能犯下的战争罪和反人类罪。
Its release coincides with the latest wave of drone strikes that have left dozens dead across Sudan’s Kordofan region, an area where the UN has consistently said that grave abuses are taking place.
它的发布恰逢最新一波无人机袭击，导致苏丹科尔多凡地区数十人死亡，联合国一直表示该地区正在发生严重的虐待行为。
Unicef said at least 15 children were killed this week when a drone struck a displacement camp in West Kordofan. Local rights defenders reported that another strike on a market in nearby North Kordofan left 28 people dead. Blame for the West Kordofan attack has been directed at the Sudanese army; while the RSF has been accused of carrying out the strike in North Kordofan.
联合国儿童基金会表示，本周一架无人机袭击了西科尔多凡州的一个流离失所者营地，造成至少 15 名儿童死亡。 当地维权人士报告称，北科尔多凡附近一个市场发生的另一起袭击事件造成 28 人死亡。 西科尔多凡袭击事件的责任归咎于苏丹军队；无国界医生组织则被指控在北科尔多凡州发动了袭击。
Since April 2023, the RSF has been waging war against the army after a falling out between its commander, Muhammad Hamdan Dagalo, and the army chief, Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, former allies who came to power after the 2019 Sudanese revolution ousted longtime dictator Omar al-Bashir.
自 2023 年 4 月以来，RSF 一直在与军队发动战争，此前其指挥官穆罕默德·哈姆丹·达加洛 (Muhammad Hamdan Dagalo) 和陆军参谋长阿卜杜勒·法塔赫·布尔汉 (Abdel Fattah al-Burhan) 之间发生了争执，他们是前盟友，在 2019 年苏丹革命推翻长期独裁者奥马尔·巴希尔 (Omar al-Bashir) 后上台。
The RSF has been backed by the United Arab Emirates, a position the Gulf state denies despite evidence compiled by the UN, independent experts and reporters.
无国界医生组织得到了阿拉伯联合酋长国的支持，尽管联合国、独立专家和记者收集了证据，但海湾国家否认了这一立场。
The group grew out of the Janjaweed militias, notorious for atrocities committed in the early 2000s in a ruthless campaign in Darfur that killed 300,000 people and drove 2.7 million from their homes.
该组织的前身是金戈威德民兵，该民兵因 2000 年代初在达尔富尔的一场残酷战役中犯下的暴行而臭名昭著，这场战役造成 30 万人死亡，270 万人流离失所。
The war, the latest crisis in Sudan’s history of violence, has forced 11 million people to flee their homes and killed tens of thousands, triggering what the UN calls one of the world’s worst humanitarian crises.
这场战争是苏丹暴力史上最新的一场危机，已迫使 1100 万人逃离家园，并造成数万人死亡，引发了联合国所说的世界上最严重的人道主义危机之一。
The fact-finding report said that after the seizure of El Fasher, the RSF inflicted “three days of absolute horror” and that thousands of people, particularly from the Zaghawa ethnic group, were killed, raped or disappeared .
实况调查报告称，占领法希尔后，无国界医生组织造成了“三天的绝对恐怖”，数千人，特别是扎格哈瓦族人，被杀害、强奸或失踪。
Othman said: “The scale, coordination and public endorsement of the operation by senior RSF leadership demonstrate that the crimes committed in and around El Fasher were not random excesses of war. They formed part of a planned and organised operation that bears the defining characteristics of genocide.”
奥斯曼表示：“无国界医生组织高级领导层对这次行动的规模、协调和公开认可表明，在法希尔及其周边地区犯下的罪行并非随机的过度战争。 他们是有计划、有组织的行动的一部分，具有种族灭绝的明确特征。”
Investigators said RSF militiamen had acted with impunity and “with genocidal intent” and that as conflict’s focus shifts from Darfur to Kordofan, outside countries must act decisively to hold perpetrators to account “and bring an end to this senseless violence”.
调查人员表示，无国界医生组织民兵的行为不受惩罚，并且“具有种族灭绝意图”，随着冲突焦点从达尔富尔转移到科尔多凡，外部国家必须采取果断行动，追究肇事者的责任，“并结束这种毫无意义的暴力”。
The mission interviewed 320 witnesses and victims from El Fasher and the surrounding areas, including in investigative visits to Chad and South Sudan. It authenticated, verified and corroborated 25 videos.
访问团采访了来自法希尔及周边地区的 320 名目击者和受害者，其中包括对乍得和南苏丹的调查访问。 它对 25 个视频进行了认证、核实和证实。
The report documents widespread sexual violence against girls and women aged seven to 70, including those who were pregnant. Survivors said they were attacked in front of family members, with the assaults often involving severe physical abuse.
该报告记录了针对 7 岁至 70 岁女孩和妇女（包括孕妇）的普遍性暴力行为。 幸存者表示，他们在家人面前遭到袭击，这些袭击往往涉及严重的身体虐待。
In one incident, a 12-year-old girl was raped by three RSF fighters as her mother watched, moments after her father was killed while trying to shield her. The girl later died from her injuries.
在一次事件中，一名 12 岁女孩在她母亲的注视下被三名无国界医生组织战士强奸，不久之后她的父亲在试图保护她时被杀。 该女孩后来因伤重不治身亡。
According to the findings, such assaults frequently occurred at the same locations where mass killings had taken place, including El Saudi hospital and El Fasher University. Witnesses said RSF fighters also carried out public gang rapes of at least 19 women in rooms strewn with corpses, among them the bodies of the victims’ husbands.
调查结果显示，此类袭击经常发生在发生大规模屠杀的同一地点，包括沙特医院和法希尔大学。 目击者称，RSF 战士还在布满尸体的房间里公开轮奸了至少 19 名妇女，其中包括受害者丈夫的尸体。
On Thursday the US announced that it was placing sanctions on three RSF commanders over their roles in the siege and capture of El Fasher. The US Treasury said the RSF had carried out “ethnic killings, torture, starvation, and sexual violence” in the operation.
周四，美国宣布对三名无国界支援部队指挥官实施制裁，原因是他们在围攻和占领法希尔过程中所扮演的角色。 美国财政部表示，无国界医生组织在行动中实施了“种族屠杀、酷刑、饥饿和性暴力”。
Agence France-Presse and Reuters contributed to this report
法新社和路透社为本报告做出了贡献